{"id":1545,"date":"2026-03-06T07:04:43","date_gmt":"2026-03-06T07:04:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arttao.net\/?page_id=1545"},"modified":"2026-03-06T07:04:43","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T07:04:43","slug":"c-mo-dun-khong-gian-san-xuat-ba-mau-tien-va-lui-tren-mat-phang","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/arttao.net\/vi\/c-%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97%e4%b8%89-%e8%89%b2%e5%bd%a9%e5%88%b6%e9%80%a0%e7%a9%ba%e9%97%b4%ef%bc%9a%e5%b9%b3%e9%9d%a2%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%89%8d%e8%bf%9b%e4%b8%8e%e5%90%8e%e9%80%80\/","title":{"rendered":"C. M\u00f4-\u0111un Kh\u00f4ng gian S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o Ba M\u00e0u: Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng Ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 L\u00f9i tr\u00ean M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jes\u00fas Perea<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng hai chi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng gian phong ph\u00fa b\u00ean trong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp. Th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c "ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean" ho\u1eb7c "l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i", t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1eb3ng, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng cao h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c g\u1ea7n g\u0169i h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem, trong khi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 xa x\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau. Trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, khi m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng t\u1ed1i l\u00e0 h\u1eadu c\u1ea3nh. Th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng cao trong khi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng th\u1ea5p, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng gian nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jes\u00fas Perea<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u00e0u n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u l\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng gian. N\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c m\u00e0u n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecf, cam v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong khi c\u00e1c m\u00e0u l\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 xanh lam v\u00e0 xanh l\u1ee5c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. Khi m\u00e0u n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u l\u1ea1nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng m\u00e0u n\u00f3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n, trong khi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng m\u00e0u l\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch. Trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u n\u00f3ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u00e0u l\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c \u00f4 kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c so le, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng gian. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a cao th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1edf ti\u1ec1n c\u1ea3nh, trong khi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4ng m\u00e0u x\u00e1m c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u1eadu c\u1ea3nh. Trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a cao trong khi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u x\u00e1m, m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a cao tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng gian. Khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa hai h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1, m\u1ed9t trong hai th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u00e0u s\u1eafc b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem trong h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u00e0u s\u1eafc y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c xa. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac hai chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jes\u00fas Perea<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1eb3ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn l\u00f9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc mang l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng gian. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c giao nhau trong h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, t\u1ea1o cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c \u0111a l\u1edbp. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng gian. Th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5m, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00f9i trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1eb3ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng gian phong ph\u00fa trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hai chi\u1ec1u. Ch\u00ednh trong s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u1eb3ng trong khi v\u1eabn th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1ef1c quan s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng gian phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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