{"id":1581,"date":"2026-03-07T05:29:43","date_gmt":"2026-03-07T05:29:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arttao.net\/?page_id=1581"},"modified":"2026-03-07T17:35:59","modified_gmt":"2026-03-07T17:35:59","slug":"c3-3-ly-thuyet-mau-sac-cua-josef-albert","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/arttao.net\/vi\/c3-3-josef-albers-%e7%9a%84%e8%89%b2%e5%bd%a9%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba\/","title":{"rendered":"C3-3. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh"},"content":{"rendered":"

3. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Josef Albers<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Josef Albers v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 xem m\u00e0u s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trang tr\u00ed hay c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Albers t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o "s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc". \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u s\u1eafc lu\u00f4n ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Khi m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a nhau. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i cho m\u00e0u s\u1eafc m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef: c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ngh\u0129a; \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c di\u1ec5n ra. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi hai m\u00e0u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u1ea1nh, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng; khi c\u00e1c m\u00e0u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Josef Albers<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albers \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n trong gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m "T\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng" c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng l\u1ed3ng nhau, m\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e0u d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong khi nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng. Kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng gian. Khi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albers c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0u s\u1eafc r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n xanh lam, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c x\u1ec9n m\u00e0u tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n cam. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra khi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Josef Albers<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft, m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n s\u1eafc. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Albers c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Do t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u1ea7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0u s\u1eafc d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Josef Albers, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng gian, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y m\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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