{"id":2206,"date":"2026-03-17T05:55:51","date_gmt":"2026-03-17T05:55:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arttao.net\/?page_id=2206"},"modified":"2026-03-17T05:55:51","modified_gmt":"2026-03-17T05:55:51","slug":"f2-24-phan-tich-tac-pham-cua-max-bill","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/arttao.net\/vi\/f2-24-max-bill%e4%bd%9c%e5%93%81%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90\/","title":{"rendered":"F2-24. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Max Bill"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Max Bill l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Concrete Art). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129, nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. C\u1ea3 TheArtStory v\u00e0 trang b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng B\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, hi\u1ec3u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 "t\u00ednh m\u00f4 \u0111un d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ed1i", m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u00e0 *Expansion in Four Directions* (1961\u201362), hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, New York. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u polymer t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean v\u1ea3i b\u1ed1, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 186,7 \u00d7 186,7 cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh "c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un kh\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i", th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd, m\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi, g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. S\u1ef1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Max Bill kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p trang tr\u00ed, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd tr\u00ed cao. B\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a TheArtStory l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c phi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng "c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c"; v\u00e0 trang EPO c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00e0o "s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o" gi\u1eefa h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Max Bill, kh\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1, m\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p suy lu\u1eadn to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ean t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m "S\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo b\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng" t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra logic c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng duy nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi theo b\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u00f4ng n\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra xung quanh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trung t\u00e2m. Do \u0111\u00f3, "s\u1ef1 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1eebng kh\u1ed1i" n\u00e0y s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 g\u00f3c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo b\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng. Vi\u1ec7c MoMA \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 \u0110i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, thay v\u00ec h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c Hoa v\u0103n, c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd: m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt trang tr\u00ed ph\u1eb3ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a "c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un gh\u00e9p kh\u1ed1i", s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Max Bill n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c coi vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p kh\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m gh\u00e9p kh\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1, nh\u01b0ng Bill l\u1ea1i coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n trong s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, m\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ranh gi\u1edbi. Trang TheArtStory, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, cho bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 "c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a" - t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un gh\u00e9p kh\u1ed1i: b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng; \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u1ed1p t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Max Bill th\u01b0\u1eddng mang m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Trang web c\u1ee7a EPO, khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng Bill ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc b\u1edfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Bauhaus v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau "ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t"; ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m *M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo b\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng*, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00e0n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4-\u0111un v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m: n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t logic \u1ed1p t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn\u2014\u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Max Bill v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c ph\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Max Bill trong "m\u00f4-\u0111un gh\u00e9p kh\u1ed1i" n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng n\u00e2ng t\u1ea7m vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p kh\u1ed1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p kh\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy lu\u1eadn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hai chi\u1ec1u, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng gian. *M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo b\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng* l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 "kh\u1ed1i - ranh gi\u1edbi - m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng - to\u00e0n th\u1ec3" v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. N\u00f3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p kh\u1ed1i ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed1i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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