{"id":2239,"date":"2026-03-18T18:57:22","date_gmt":"2026-03-18T18:57:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arttao.net\/?page_id=2239"},"modified":"2026-03-20T05:41:26","modified_gmt":"2026-03-20T05:41:26","slug":"f2-28-al-da-to-chuc-phan-tich-cong-viec","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/arttao.net\/vi\/f2-28-al-held%e4%bd%9c%e5%93%81%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90\/","title":{"rendered":"F2-9. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Al Held"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Al Held l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p "b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gian" c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, s\u1eafc n\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng t\u1ea7m c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u1eb3ng l\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, cung tr\u00f2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng, s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Al Held kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o "nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd", m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch \u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Al Held g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o v\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0u, nh\u01b0ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc sang t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng gian quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, mang t\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111en d\u00e0y, c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac, c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1eeba gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1eeba gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac treo, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o trong, va ch\u1ea1m ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 giao nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Al Held \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t "b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c kh\u1ed1i" ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00ecnh n\u00eam, thanh d\u1ea7m, t\u1ea5m g\u1ea5p, v\u00f2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n khung, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 c\u1eaft v\u00e0o nhau. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 \u0111an xen n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng t\u1ea7m b\u1ee9c tranh v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng hai chi\u1ec1u, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng gian d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, bao quanh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o t\u1eeb b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 xoay chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Al Held l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng "\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n". Trong tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Al Held, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng gian. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n \u0111en mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho m\u1ed7i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb l\u00e0m cho h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng gian, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh ti\u1ec1n c\u1ea3nh v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1eadu c\u1ea3nh. T\u00ednh hai m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian trong tranh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1ef1c theo ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t "kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng". Lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m quan s\u00e1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh logic h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, tranh c\u1ee7a Al Held kh\u00f4ng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hay v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00f4ng n\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng, g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 che khu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gian: kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Al Held th\u01b0\u1eddng mang m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. Quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111ang \u1edf b\u00ean trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, trong khi s\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 n\u00e9n \u00e9p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. S\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y: n\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Al Held n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb "tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u1eb3ng" l\u00ean "b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gian". N\u1ebfu Mondrian nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u ngang, v\u00e0 Malevich nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec Al Held \u0111\u00e3\u8d4b\u4e88 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc th\u00eam tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c t\u0129nh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, Al Held l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u trong th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i "m\u00f4-\u0111un b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gian". T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, m\u1edf v\u00e0 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c m\u1eabu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00f4ng gian, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\r\n

\r\n