{"id":2347,"date":"2026-03-28T00:50:51","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T00:50:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arttao.net\/?page_id=2347"},"modified":"2026-03-28T00:50:51","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T00:50:51","slug":"g2-3-mau-sac-trong-nghe-thuat-truu-tuong-hinh-hoc-tuong-lai","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/arttao.net\/vi\/g2-3-%e6%9c%aa%e6%9d%a5%e5%87%a0%e4%bd%95%e6%8a%bd%e8%b1%a1%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e8%89%b2%e5%bd%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"G2-3. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, thu h\u1eb9p d\u1ea3i m\u00e0u t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c m\u00e0u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, m\u00e0u t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u00e0u n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u l\u1ea1nh, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng, cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc kh\u00f4ng gian. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t "s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn". M\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac; n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t, m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u00e0u xanh n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e0u li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n n\u00f3ng-l\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e0u s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u00e0u li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u n\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00e0u l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a l\u00ean tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb "\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec3m" sang "m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng" li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. Trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u00f4ng qua so s\u00e1nh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng qu\u00e1 s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt; n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u xanh lam qu\u00e1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u trung t\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c tranh: t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u00e0u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00ean chi\u1ebfm bao nhi\u00eau, c\u00e1c m\u00e0u ph\u1ee5 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o n\u00ean gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o n\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n cao. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 "li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p hay kh\u00f4ng", m\u00e0 l\u00e0 "n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd g\u1eafn b\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng gian. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 hai chi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u00e0u n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u l\u1ea1nh, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean, l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i, n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 giao nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 "h\u00e0i h\u00f2a" hay kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: m\u00e0u n\u00f3ng n\u00e0o s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u00e0u l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng th\u1ea5p n\u00e0o s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng tr\u00f4ng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng gian, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a cao n\u00e0o s\u1ebd t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng hai chi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 "c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea3m x\u00fac". Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u01a1n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ch\u1ee7 quan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0u n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd: s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem; \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a cao v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0y th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o khung h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0u xanh x\u00e1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed y\u00ean t\u0129nh, ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0; m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 xanh lam c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00ean nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh k\u00e9p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi "nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m" v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh "nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o sinh". Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng sao ch\u00e9p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kinh nghi\u1ec7m, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n b\u00ean trong n\u00f3. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u01b0a th\u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2m th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tham s\u1ed1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 "T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n", m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: "T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n?", "T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1i n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n?", "T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed1i m\u00e0u n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n?". Khi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m vi quan s\u00e1t, so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m sang m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng, v\u00f4 h\u1ed3n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, m\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c, m\u00e0 gi\u00fap tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 xem k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ed1i m\u00e0u n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu \u0111i s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, m\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, cho ph\u00e9p kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng logic v\u1eeba gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trang tr\u00ed b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hay m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u00e0i h\u00f2a mang t\u00ednh kinh nghi\u1ec7m, m\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i th\u1ea5m nhu\u1eadn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng; n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1, s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0u n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 tr\u1ef1c quan th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u m\u1edbi: n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn "m\u00e0u s\u1eafc tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o", m\u00e0 c\u00f2n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn "c\u00e1ch m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng gian, t\u1ea1o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u1edbi trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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