{"id":491,"date":"2026-01-24T20:50:05","date_gmt":"2026-01-24T20:50:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arttao.net\/?page_id=491"},"modified":"2026-01-26T17:44:45","modified_gmt":"2026-01-26T17:44:45","slug":"1%e3%80%81%e5%87%a0%e4%bd%95%e6%8a%bd%e8%b1%a1%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/arttao.net\/vi\/1%e3%80%81%e5%87%a0%e4%bd%95%e6%8a%bd%e8%b1%a1%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89\/","title":{"rendered":"1\u3001\u51e0\u4f55\u62bd\u8c61\u827a\u672f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, phong c\u1ea3nh hay c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic ri\u00eang. C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t, l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Josef Albers<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m tham chi\u1ebfu, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang tham gia v\u00e0o b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua h\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, m\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng gian, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Do \u0111\u00f3, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean logic t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mondrian<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch trang tr\u00ed, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. N\u00f3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7, s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh phi t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1. Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Manfred Mohr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a hay vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trang tr\u00ed c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c t\u0129nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, t\u1ea1o sinh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tham s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy t\u1eafc, chuy\u1ec3n vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u1edf, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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